School Finance and Teacher Quality by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2013-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Center for Education Statistics/American Education Finance Association New Scholars Program. I am grateful to Bill Fowler, Susanna Loeb, Chris Roellke, and several anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

Appendix. Descriptive Statistics of Variables in the Study

Study Variables Mean Standard Deviation n Variable Description

Dependent Variables

Twelfth-Grade Math Test Score 50.29 13.43 5311 Continuous NELS:88 variable

Twelfth-Grade Science Test Score 23.98 5.79 5055 Continuous NELS:88 variable

Professional Development Caused Change in Teaching* 0.33 0.89 5658 Range 0–7; sum of 7 dummy variables

Professional Development

Workshop During Year* 1.03 0.65 4547 Range 0–2; sum of 2 dummy variables

University Extension Course* 0.10 0.30 4547 0 = no, 1 = yes

College Education Course* 0.27 0.58 4548 Range 0–2; sum of 2 dummy variables

College Noneducation Course* 0.31 0.61 4547 Range 0–2; sum of 2 dummy variables

Professional Association Growth Activity* 0.53 0.50 4547 0 = no, 1 = yes

Enrichment Activity* 0.58 0.49 4531 0 = no, 1 = yes

Administration-Observed Teaching* 2.95 0.85 4531 Range 1–6

Total Amount of Professional Development Activities* 2.23 1.48 4544 Range 0–8; sum of 8 dummy variables

Teacher Background

Gender 0.58 0.49 5043 0 = female, 1 = male

Experience* 5.75 2.74 4641 Range 0–9: 0 = 0 years, 9 = 25 or more years

Regular Certification 0.76 0.42 5658 0 = no, 1 = yes

Certified in Math 0.53 0.50 5658 0 = no, 1 = yes

Certified in Science 0.39 0.49 5658 0 = no, 1 = yes

Bachelor’s Degree Held 0.76 0.43 4617 0 = no, 1 = yes

Education major 0.25 0.43 4617 0 = no, 1 = yes

Math major 0.45 0.50 4617 0 = no, 1 = yes

Science major 0.35 0.48 4617 0 = no, 1 = yes

Teacher Control in School

Hiring and Firing Teachers 0.52 0.59 5079 Range 0–2:

0 = no influence,

2 = major influence

Student Grouping Policies 1.34 0.61 5066 Range 0–2:

0 = no influence,

2 = major influence

Courses Offerings 1.29 0.58 5091 Range 0–2:

0 = no influence,

2 = major influence

Books and Materials 1.75 0.46 5108 Range 0–2:

0 = no influence,

2 = major influence

Curriculum Guidelines 1.44 0.57 5100 Range 0–2: 0 = no influence, 2 = major influence

Grading Policies 1.63 0.54 5107 Range 0–2: 0 = no influence, 2 = major influence

Discipline Policies 1.26 0.56 5109 Range 0–2: 0 = no influence, 2 = major influence

Spending of Funds 1.04 0.53 5086 Range 0–2: 0 = no influence, 2 = major influence

Total Teacher Control 10.26 2.59 4986 Range 0–16; sum of above

Recent Policy Changes

Teacher Evaluation Standards 0.41 0.54 5092 Range -1 to 1: -1 = less rigor, 1 - more rigor

Policy-Making Process 0.55 0.50 5035 0 = no, 1 = yes

Curriculum Programs 0.73 0.44 5054 0 = no, 1 = yes

Student Group Policies 0.46 0.50 5024 0 = no, 1 = yes

Instructional Methods 0.44 0.50 5026 0 = no, 1 = yes

Staffing Categories 0.37 0.48 5052 0 = no, 1 = yes

Interdisciplinary Teams 0.39 0.49 5036 0 = no, 1 = yes

Student Assessment 0.33 0.47 5007 0 = no, 1 = yes

Total Policy Changes 3.73 2.13 4890 Range 0–8; sum of above

Rewards for Teaching

Special Awards 0.55 0.50 5049 0 = no, 1 = yes

Assigned to Better Students 0.

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